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	<title>Qmcchem - User contributions [en]</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-08T22:54:06Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.33.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1864</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1864"/>
		<updated>2015-12-20T00:37:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* navigation&lt;br /&gt;
** Main Page|Home&lt;br /&gt;
** People involved|People Involved&lt;br /&gt;
** Current_scientific_activities|Our current scientific activities&lt;br /&gt;
** Publications|Publications&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCCHEM_PRIVATE:Main_Page|Private&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** http://github.com/scemama/qmcchem|QMCChem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.ups-tlse.fr|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
* contact&lt;br /&gt;
** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
* links&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr|LCPQ&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.irsamc.ups-tlse.fr|IRSAMC&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.ups-tlse.fr|Université Paul Sabatier&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cnrs.fr|CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.exascale-computing.eu/|Exascale Computing Research&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.genci.fr|GENCI&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Communication&amp;diff=1779</id>
		<title>Communication</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Communication&amp;diff=1779"/>
		<updated>2012-04-13T12:51:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: /* Beta-amyloid */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Video files ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Full beta-amyloid QMC simulation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Download video files here:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/scemama/1amb.wmv .wmv format]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/scemama/1amb.mp4 .mp4 format]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or view on-line:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table style=&amp;quot;width:auto;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/7HFDA1WUJg2SgpWdsopVZdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=embedwebsite&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-tftU32oJ1c0/T2JhwNLCv0I/AAAAAAAAEO4/GfDH1K_v3LQ/s144/1amb.jpg&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;216&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;288&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td style=&amp;quot;font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:11px; text-align:center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1amb&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Amyloid Beta peptide&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, 28 residues&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A stochastic trajectory for the 1731 electrons of systems.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt; Click on the image to see the animation. &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pictures ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== QMC ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Qmc.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overview of a Quantum Monte Carlo simulation. Apart from the initialization and finalization step, all the processes are completely independent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Beta-amyloid ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:peptide.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stochastic trajectories of electrons around the nuclei on the beta-amyloid simulated on Curie in Dec 2011. Different electron colors represent different time steps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:peptide_nozoom.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stochastic trajectories of electrons around the nuclei on the beta-amyloid simulated on Curie in Dec 2011. Electrons are repesented in gold, and a few&lt;br /&gt;
time steps in the past are represented as the footprints of the electrons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:alpha-beta.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The two beta-amyloid structures simulated on Curie in Dec 2011 (122 atoms, 434 electrons). The energy difference between these two structures was computed with QMC=Chem.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Communication&amp;diff=1778</id>
		<title>Communication</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Communication&amp;diff=1778"/>
		<updated>2012-04-13T12:51:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: /* QMC */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Video files ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Full beta-amyloid QMC simulation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Download video files here:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/scemama/1amb.wmv .wmv format]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/scemama/1amb.mp4 .mp4 format]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or view on-line:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table style=&amp;quot;width:auto;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/7HFDA1WUJg2SgpWdsopVZdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=embedwebsite&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-tftU32oJ1c0/T2JhwNLCv0I/AAAAAAAAEO4/GfDH1K_v3LQ/s144/1amb.jpg&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;216&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;288&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td style=&amp;quot;font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:11px; text-align:center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1amb&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Amyloid Beta peptide&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, 28 residues&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A stochastic trajectory for the 1731 electrons of systems.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt; Click on the image to see the animation. &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pictures ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== QMC ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Qmc.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overview of a Quantum Monte Carlo simulation. Apart from the initialization and finalization step, all the processes are completely independent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Beta-amyloid ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:peptide.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
Stochastic trajectories of electrons around the nuclei on the beta-amyloid simulated on Curie in Dec 2011. Different electron colors represent different time steps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:peptide_nozoom.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
Stochastic trajectories of electrons around the nuclei on the beta-amyloid simulated on Curie in Dec 2011. Electrons are repesented in gold, and a few&lt;br /&gt;
time steps in the past are represented as the footprints of the electrons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:alpha-beta.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
The two beta-amyloid structures simulated on Curie in Dec 2011 (122 atoms, 434 electrons). The energy difference between these two structures was computed with QMC=Chem.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Communication&amp;diff=1777</id>
		<title>Communication</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Communication&amp;diff=1777"/>
		<updated>2012-04-13T12:51:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: /* Pictures */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Video files ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Full beta-amyloid QMC simulation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Download video files here:&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/scemama/1amb.wmv .wmv format]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/scemama/1amb.mp4 .mp4 format]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or view on-line:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table style=&amp;quot;width:auto;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/7HFDA1WUJg2SgpWdsopVZdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=embedwebsite&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-tftU32oJ1c0/T2JhwNLCv0I/AAAAAAAAEO4/GfDH1K_v3LQ/s144/1amb.jpg&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;216&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;288&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td style=&amp;quot;font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:11px; text-align:center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1amb&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Amyloid Beta peptide&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, 28 residues&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A stochastic trajectory for the 1731 electrons of systems.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt; Click on the image to see the animation. &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pictures ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== QMC ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Qmc.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
Overview of a Quantum Monte Carlo simulation. Apart from the initialization and finalization step, all the processes are completely independent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Beta-amyloid ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:peptide.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
Stochastic trajectories of electrons around the nuclei on the beta-amyloid simulated on Curie in Dec 2011. Different electron colors represent different time steps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:peptide_nozoom.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
Stochastic trajectories of electrons around the nuclei on the beta-amyloid simulated on Curie in Dec 2011. Electrons are repesented in gold, and a few&lt;br /&gt;
time steps in the past are represented as the footprints of the electrons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:alpha-beta.png|600px]]&lt;br /&gt;
The two beta-amyloid structures simulated on Curie in Dec 2011 (122 atoms, 434 electrons). The energy difference between these two structures was computed with QMC=Chem.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Quantum_Monte_Carlo_for_Chemistry_@_Toulouse&amp;diff=1776</id>
		<title>Quantum Monte Carlo for Chemistry @ Toulouse</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Quantum_Monte_Carlo_for_Chemistry_@_Toulouse&amp;diff=1776"/>
		<updated>2012-04-13T12:41:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: /* News */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This website is devoted to the scientific and software&lt;br /&gt;
activities of the quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) group of Toulouse, France. &lt;br /&gt;
The grand objective of our project is to make of QMC an alternative and  efficient tool for electronic structure in chemistry. Our group -- headed by Michel Caffarel -- is located at the&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques], [http://www.cnrs.fr CNRS] and [http://www.ups-tlse.fr/ Université Paul Sabatier].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;The QMC=Chem project is supported by the french Agence Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (ANR) under Grant No. ANR2011 BS08 004 01&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== News ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/caffarel/these_FR.pdf '''PROPOSITION DE THESE (FINANCEE) A PARTIR DE SEPTEMBRE 2012''']&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/caffarel/these_ENG.pdf '''Ph.D. THESIS PROPOSAL''']&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* March 2012: Beta-amyloid results presented for the Intel Xeon E5 release. [http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/case-studies/high-performance-xeon-e5-2680-genci-study.pdf Read more]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Dec 2011: Two structures of a beta-amyloid involved in Alzheimer's disease were simulated on [http://www-hpc.cea.fr/fr/complexe/tgcc-curie.htm Curie (TGCC, France)] with QMC=Chem using up to 76 800 cores. 38.5% of the peak performance of the machine (960 GFlops/s) was obtained.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nov 2011: Performance of QMC=Chem presented at Supercomputing 2011 in [http://sc11.supercomputing.org/schedule/event_detail.php?evid=bof156 BoF session “1000 x 0 = 0. Single-node optimisation does matter.”]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== QMC in a few words ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Qmc.png|400px|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) is a set of probabilistic approaches for solving the Schr&amp;amp;ouml;dinger equation. In short, QMC consists in simulating the probabilities of quantum mechanics by using the probabilities of random walks (Brownian motion and its generalizations). During the simulations each electron is moved randomly and quantum averages are computed as ordinary averages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table style=&amp;quot;width:auto;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/7HFDA1WUJg2SgpWdsopVZdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=embedwebsite&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-tftU32oJ1c0/T2JhwNLCv0I/AAAAAAAAEO4/GfDH1K_v3LQ/s144/1amb.jpg&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;216&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;288&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td style=&amp;quot;font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:11px; text-align:center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1amb&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Amyloid Beta peptide&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, 28 residues&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A stochastic trajectory for the 1731 electrons of systems.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt; Click on the image to see the animation. &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In practice, the major steps of a QMC simulation are as follows (See, Figure):&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;Input&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;: The molecular geometry, the number of electrons, and an approximate electronic trial wave function, &amp;amp;psi;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, obtained from a preliminary DFT or ab initio wave function-based calculation.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;B&amp;gt; At each Monte Carlo step &amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;: The values of &amp;amp;psi;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, its gradient, and its Laplacian calculated at each spatial configuration (&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, ...,&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;).&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;Output&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;: Quantum averages as ordinary averages along stochastic trajectories.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;red&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Key property of QMC : Fully parallelizable.&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;. This property could be critical in making QMC a successful approach.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/caffarel/qmc_eacm.pdf '''More about quantum Monte Carlo methods in chemistry here''']&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br style=&amp;quot;clear: both&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==  QMC an alternative to DFT or post-HF methods ? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In practice, both DFT and post-Hartree-Fock approaches and their numerous variants rely on solving (very) large linear systems using iterative algorithms, where the finite dimension of the eigenvectors may become very large and is limited in practice to a few billion of components due to the finite aspects of the hardware. Because of such a mathematical structure, present intensive simulations of computational chemistry are characterized by i) the need of important computational resources both in terms of CPU and central memory requirements, ii) massive I/O, and iii) unavoidable frequent communications between processors. As a consequence, the algorithms are by their very nature extremely difficult to parallelize. Although computational chemistry is very present on HPC platforms as illustrated above, it is difficult to envision how standard algorithms could take advantage in the near future of massively parallel platforms (exascale) and cloud computing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== DFT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Advantages&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; The fully-correlated N-body electronic problem is replaced by&lt;br /&gt;
an effective one-body problem. Only approximation: Choice of the effective (exchange-correlation) potential,&lt;br /&gt;
a point leading to various levels of accuracy (local DFT, gradient-corrected DFT, hybrid DFT, etc...). One-body framework particularly attractive for interpreting electronic processes in a simple manner using one-electron pictures.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; Computational effort of DFT has a very good scaling, of order &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;O(N^3)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; where N is the number of electrons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; The various exchange-correlation potentials developped have now reached an accuracy allowing reasonable quantitative results,  even for (very) large molecular systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Limitation&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;: Strong limitation of DFT: the error made is not controlled and there is no known procedure to reduce it in a systematic way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Post-HF methods ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Post-HF = expansion of the wave function over a sum of&lt;br /&gt;
antisymmetrized products of one-particle orbitals&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Popular versions: MP2, MPn, CCSD(T), CI, MRCI, etc. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with DFT: Error much more easy to control but price to pay very high (defavorable scaling).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== QMC: an alternative approach? ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Advantages:&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; Method easy to implement and having a very favorable scaling, typically &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;O(N^3)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; Accurate total energies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; Unlike DFT and post-HF methods, QMC ideally suited to High Performance Computing (HPC) (very modest central memory requirements, very limited input/output flows, codes perfectly parallelized).&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Present limitations:&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; The only systematic error left -the fixed-node error- may have an important impact when &amp;lt;EM&amp;gt; differences &amp;lt;/EM&amp;gt; of energies are considered. The heavy compensation of errors at work in both DFT and post-HF schemes is much less effective in Fixed-Node QMC calculations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; No general and robust algorithm for computing forces in QMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; No simple and systematic way of constructing complex trial wavefunctions of good quality without massive parameter reoptimizations. No &amp;quot;black-box&amp;quot; way for QMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Quantum_Monte_Carlo_for_Chemistry_@_Toulouse&amp;diff=1775</id>
		<title>Quantum Monte Carlo for Chemistry @ Toulouse</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Quantum_Monte_Carlo_for_Chemistry_@_Toulouse&amp;diff=1775"/>
		<updated>2012-04-13T12:40:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This website is devoted to the scientific and software&lt;br /&gt;
activities of the quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) group of Toulouse, France. &lt;br /&gt;
The grand objective of our project is to make of QMC an alternative and  efficient tool for electronic structure in chemistry. Our group -- headed by Michel Caffarel -- is located at the&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques], [http://www.cnrs.fr CNRS] and [http://www.ups-tlse.fr/ Université Paul Sabatier].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;The QMC=Chem project is supported by the french Agence Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (ANR) under Grant No. ANR2011 BS08 004 01&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== News ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/caffarel/these_FR.pdf '''PROPOSITION DE THESE (FINANCEE) A PARTIR DE SEPTEMBRE 2012''']&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/caffarel/these_ENG.pdf '''Ph.D. THESIS PROPOSAL''']&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* March 2012: Beta-amyloid results presented for the Intel Xeon E5 release.&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/case-studies/high-performance-xeon-e5-2680-genci-study.pdf Read more]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Dec 2011: Two structures of a beta-amyloid involved in Alzheimer's disease were simulated on [http://www-hpc.cea.fr/fr/complexe/tgcc-curie.htm Curie (TGCC, France)] with QMC=Chem using up to 76 800 cores. 38.5% of the peak performance of the machine (960 GFlops/s) was obtained.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Nov 2011: Performance of QMC=Chem presented at Supercomputing 2011 in [http://sc11.supercomputing.org/schedule/event_detail.php?evid=bof156 BoF session “1000 x 0 = 0. Single-node optimisation does matter.”]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== QMC in a few words ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Qmc.png|400px|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) is a set of probabilistic approaches for solving the Schr&amp;amp;ouml;dinger equation. In short, QMC consists in simulating the probabilities of quantum mechanics by using the probabilities of random walks (Brownian motion and its generalizations). During the simulations each electron is moved randomly and quantum averages are computed as ordinary averages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;table style=&amp;quot;width:auto;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/7HFDA1WUJg2SgpWdsopVZdMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=embedwebsite&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;img src=&amp;quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-tftU32oJ1c0/T2JhwNLCv0I/AAAAAAAAEO4/GfDH1K_v3LQ/s144/1amb.jpg&amp;quot; height=&amp;quot;216&amp;quot; width=&amp;quot;288&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;td style=&amp;quot;font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:11px; text-align:center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1amb&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Amyloid Beta peptide&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, 28 residues&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
A stochastic trajectory for the 1731 electrons of systems.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt; Click on the image to see the animation. &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/tr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/html&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In practice, the major steps of a QMC simulation are as follows (See, Figure):&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;Input&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;: The molecular geometry, the number of electrons, and an approximate electronic trial wave function, &amp;amp;psi;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, obtained from a preliminary DFT or ab initio wave function-based calculation.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;B&amp;gt; At each Monte Carlo step &amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;: The values of &amp;amp;psi;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, its gradient, and its Laplacian calculated at each spatial configuration (&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, ...,&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;).&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;B&amp;gt;Output&amp;lt;/B&amp;gt;: Quantum averages as ordinary averages along stochastic trajectories.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;red&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Key property of QMC : Fully parallelizable.&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;. This property could be critical in making QMC a successful approach.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/files/caffarel/qmc_eacm.pdf '''More about quantum Monte Carlo methods in chemistry here''']&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br style=&amp;quot;clear: both&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==  QMC an alternative to DFT or post-HF methods ? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In practice, both DFT and post-Hartree-Fock approaches and their numerous variants rely on solving (very) large linear systems using iterative algorithms, where the finite dimension of the eigenvectors may become very large and is limited in practice to a few billion of components due to the finite aspects of the hardware. Because of such a mathematical structure, present intensive simulations of computational chemistry are characterized by i) the need of important computational resources both in terms of CPU and central memory requirements, ii) massive I/O, and iii) unavoidable frequent communications between processors. As a consequence, the algorithms are by their very nature extremely difficult to parallelize. Although computational chemistry is very present on HPC platforms as illustrated above, it is difficult to envision how standard algorithms could take advantage in the near future of massively parallel platforms (exascale) and cloud computing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== DFT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Advantages&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; The fully-correlated N-body electronic problem is replaced by&lt;br /&gt;
an effective one-body problem. Only approximation: Choice of the effective (exchange-correlation) potential,&lt;br /&gt;
a point leading to various levels of accuracy (local DFT, gradient-corrected DFT, hybrid DFT, etc...). One-body framework particularly attractive for interpreting electronic processes in a simple manner using one-electron pictures.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; Computational effort of DFT has a very good scaling, of order &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;O(N^3)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; where N is the number of electrons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; The various exchange-correlation potentials developped have now reached an accuracy allowing reasonable quantitative results,  even for (very) large molecular systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Limitation&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;: Strong limitation of DFT: the error made is not controlled and there is no known procedure to reduce it in a systematic way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Post-HF methods ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Post-HF = expansion of the wave function over a sum of&lt;br /&gt;
antisymmetrized products of one-particle orbitals&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Popular versions: MP2, MPn, CCSD(T), CI, MRCI, etc. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with DFT: Error much more easy to control but price to pay very high (defavorable scaling).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== QMC: an alternative approach? ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Advantages:&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; Method easy to implement and having a very favorable scaling, typically &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;O(N^3)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; Accurate total energies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; Unlike DFT and post-HF methods, QMC ideally suited to High Performance Computing (HPC) (very modest central memory requirements, very limited input/output flows, codes perfectly parallelized).&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Present limitations:&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ul&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; The only systematic error left -the fixed-node error- may have an important impact when &amp;lt;EM&amp;gt; differences &amp;lt;/EM&amp;gt; of energies are considered. The heavy compensation of errors at work in both DFT and post-HF schemes is much less effective in Fixed-Node QMC calculations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; No general and robust algorithm for computing forces in QMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;li&amp;gt; No simple and systematic way of constructing complex trial wavefunctions of good quality without massive parameter reoptimizations. No &amp;quot;black-box&amp;quot; way for QMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ul&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1774</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1774"/>
		<updated>2012-04-13T12:27:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* navigation&lt;br /&gt;
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** http://www.exascale-computing.eu/|Exascale Computing Research&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.genci.fr|GENCI&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1773</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1773"/>
		<updated>2012-04-13T12:26:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* navigation&lt;br /&gt;
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** http://www.exascale-computing.eu/|Exascale computing research Lab&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.genci.fr|GENCI&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1704</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1704"/>
		<updated>2012-02-17T12:28:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* navigation&lt;br /&gt;
** Main Page|Home&lt;br /&gt;
** People involved|People Involved&lt;br /&gt;
** Current_scientific_activities|Our current scientific activities&lt;br /&gt;
** Publications|Publications&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCCHEM_PRIVATE:Main_Page|Private&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.ups-tlse.fr|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
* contact&lt;br /&gt;
** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
* links&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr|LCPQ&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.irsamc.ups-tlse.fr|IRSAMC&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.ups-tlse.fr|Université Paul Sabatier&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cnrs.fr|CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.advancedsolutionsaccelerator.com|ASA&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1703</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1703"/>
		<updated>2012-02-17T12:27:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* navigation&lt;br /&gt;
** Main Page|Home&lt;br /&gt;
** People involved|People Involved&lt;br /&gt;
** Current_scientific_activities|Our current scientific activities&lt;br /&gt;
** Publications|Publications&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCCHEM_PRIVATE |Private&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.ups-tlse.fr|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
* contact&lt;br /&gt;
** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
* links&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr|LCPQ&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.irsamc.ups-tlse.fr|IRSAMC&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.ups-tlse.fr|Université Paul Sabatier&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cnrs.fr|CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.advancedsolutionsaccelerator.com|ASA&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Private_area&amp;diff=1702</id>
		<title>Private area</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Private_area&amp;diff=1702"/>
		<updated>2012-02-17T11:52:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: Created page with 'Category:Private  * Test'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Private]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Test&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1701</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1701"/>
		<updated>2012-02-17T11:51:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* navigation&lt;br /&gt;
** Main Page|Home&lt;br /&gt;
** People involved|People Involved&lt;br /&gt;
** Current_scientific_activities|Our current scientific activities&lt;br /&gt;
** Publications|Publications&lt;br /&gt;
** Private area|Private&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.ups-tlse.fr|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
* contact&lt;br /&gt;
** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
* links&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr|LCPQ&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.irsamc.ups-tlse.fr|IRSAMC&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.ups-tlse.fr|Université Paul Sabatier&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cnrs.fr|CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.advancedsolutionsaccelerator.com|ASA&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1522</id>
		<title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1522"/>
		<updated>2010-07-19T17:00:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* navigation&lt;br /&gt;
** Main Page|Home&lt;br /&gt;
** People involved|People Involved&lt;br /&gt;
** Current_scientific_activities|Our current scientific activities&lt;br /&gt;
** Publications|Publications&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.ups-tlse.fr|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
* contact&lt;br /&gt;
** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
* links&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr|LCPQ&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.irsamc.ups-tlse.fr|IRSAMC&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.ups-tlse.fr|Université Paul Sabatier&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cnrs.fr|CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.advancedsolutionsaccelerator.com|ASA&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Quantum_Monte_Carlo_for_Chemistry_@_Toulouse&amp;diff=1457</id>
		<title>Quantum Monte Carlo for Chemistry @ Toulouse</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Quantum_Monte_Carlo_for_Chemistry_@_Toulouse&amp;diff=1457"/>
		<updated>2010-01-19T16:58:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This website is devoted to the presentation of the scientific and software&lt;br /&gt;
activities of the quantum Monte Carlo group of Toulouse, France.&lt;br /&gt;
This group -- headed by Michel Caffarel -- is located at the&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques], [http://www.cnrs.fr CNRS] and [http://www.ups-tlse.fr/ Université Paul Sabatier].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== QMC in a few words ==&lt;br /&gt;
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) is a set of probabilistic approaches for evaluating ground-state properties&lt;br /&gt;
of systems described by a Schr&amp;amp;ouml;dinger equation. In short, QMC consists in simulating the probabilities of quantum mechanics using the probabilities of diffusion processes (Brownian motion and its generalizations). In practice, a population of copies (or &amp;quot;walkers&amp;quot;) of the system is considered (a copy = set of &lt;br /&gt;
positions for each electron) and a few stochastic rules are applied to each copy at each Monte Carlo step. After equilibration, statistical averages over the time-evolution of the population are evaluated and lead to the various quantum averages of interest.                                                                                                        &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Much more about QMC here]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Our project: QMC as an alternative to DFT and post-HF methods ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To present our project, we first need to briefly summarize the present status of electronic structure calculations. As well-known, there essentially exist two main approaches : the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the post-Hartree-Fock (post-HF) methods.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''DFT is clearly the most popular method''' thanks to a number of favorable aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot; #FF0000&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Attractive features of DFT: &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
i.) In DFT the fully-correlated N-body electronic problem is replaced by&lt;br /&gt;
an effective one-body problem (nuclei attraction + average electrostatic electronic repulsion&lt;br /&gt;
+ exchange-correlation potential). The only approximation made is the choice of the exchange-correlation potential,&lt;br /&gt;
a point which leads to various levels of accuracy for DFT :local DFT, gradient-corrected DFT, hybrid DFT, etc..&lt;br /&gt;
Such a one-body framework is particularly attractive at the conceptual level since electronic processes can&lt;br /&gt;
be interpreted in a simple manner using one-electron pictures,&lt;br /&gt;
a point which is clearly in sharp contrast with wavefunction-based approaches (post-HF methods) where (very) large determinantal expansions&lt;br /&gt;
have almost no physical meaning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ii.) Thanks to this one-body formalism the computational effort of DFT has also a very good scaling, the typical scaling being&lt;br /&gt;
of order &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;O(N^3)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; where N is the number of electrons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iii.) The various exchange-correlation potentials developped in the last years have now reached a point where reasonable quantitative results&lt;br /&gt;
can be obtained, even for a large molecular systems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot; #FF0000&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Limitation of DFT: &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, DFT has also a strong limitation related to the fact that the error made in such calculations is basically not controlled and&lt;br /&gt;
that there exists no known procedure to reduce it in a systematic way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regarding post-Hartree-Fock methods, they are quite different from DFT and are based on the expansion of the wavefunction over a sum of&lt;br /&gt;
antisymmetrized products of one-particle orbitals, the various parameters entering the expansion being optimized&lt;br /&gt;
by using the variational principle. Many variants of these methods exist. Among the most famous ones we can cite the CCSD(T) approaches&lt;br /&gt;
well-adapted to systems having a strong mono-configurational character and the MRCI approaches used when multi-configurational effects are&lt;br /&gt;
significant.&lt;br /&gt;
In contrast with DFT, the error is now much more easy to control but, unfortunately, the price to pay for that is in general too high.&lt;br /&gt;
Indeed, typical scalings [for example, N7 for CCSD(T)] forbid to attack systems beyong those of intermediate sizes (let us say more than one&lt;br /&gt;
hundred active electrons).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''In conclusion, it can be legitimately considered that there does not exist a satisfactory electronic approach combining both efficiency and accuracy for (very) large molecular systems.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot; #FF0000&amp;quot;&amp;gt; The project presented here is an attempt to promote an alternative third way: the quantum Monte Carlo approach.&amp;lt;/font &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The advantages of QMC are indeed attractive:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
i.) Like DFT, the method is simple to implement and has a very favorable scaling (typicallly, O(N3) for a general system).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ii.) Like post-HF methods, the accuracy is in general very good.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iii.) Unlike DFT and post-HF methods, QMC is particularly well-adapted to High Performance Computing (HPC):&lt;br /&gt;
central memory requirements are very modest and bounded (no increase of memory as a function of some parameter like the basis set size in post-HF),&lt;br /&gt;
the Input/Output flows are very limited, and the codes are perfectly parallelized (QMC codes can be easily implemented on massively parallel&lt;br /&gt;
machines, on heterogeneous grids, etc. ).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately, QMC has also some strong limitations :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
i.) Besides the usual statistical error inherent to any Monte Carlo scheme and which can be easily controlled (for example, by making longer and&lt;br /&gt;
longer simulations), there is some systematic error left, known as the fixed-node error.&lt;br /&gt;
Although this error is small in terms of total energis, it can play a central role when differences of energies are considered.&lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately, it is well-known that differences of energies are at the very center of chemistry&lt;br /&gt;
(e.g., electronic affinities, ionization potentials, binding energies, reaction barriers, etc.). Numerical experience has shown that the compensations of&lt;br /&gt;
errors at work in both DFT and post-HF schemes are in general much important than in Fixed-Node QMC calculations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ii.) In contrast with DFT and post-HF there does not exist yet a general and robust algorithm for computing forces in QMC (gradients of total energy with&lt;br /&gt;
respecti to nuclear coordinates).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iii.) For large molecular systems, there is no simple and systematic way of constructing trial wavefunctions of good quality&lt;br /&gt;
without reoptimizing for each system a very large number of variational parameters. This aspect forbids to apply QMC approach in a &amp;quot;black-box&amp;quot; way, thus&lt;br /&gt;
strongly hampering the diffusion of QMC techniques into the general computational chemistry community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In short, the main objectives of our project are to circumvent the previous limitations to make of QMC&lt;br /&gt;
a popular approach in computational chemistry.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Quantum_Monte_Carlo_for_Chemistry_@_Toulouse&amp;diff=1455</id>
		<title>Quantum Monte Carlo for Chemistry @ Toulouse</title>
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		<updated>2010-01-19T16:57:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: Main Page moved to Quantum Monte Carlo for Chemistry @ Toulouse&lt;/p&gt;
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		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=1456</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
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		<updated>2010-01-19T16:57:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: Main Page moved to Quantum Monte Carlo for Chemistry @ Toulouse&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Quantum Monte Carlo for Chemistry @ Toulouse]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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		<updated>2009-10-26T07:46:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
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	<entry>
		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=Current_scientific_activities&amp;diff=1449</id>
		<title>Current scientific activities</title>
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		<updated>2009-10-26T07:46:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* [[Calculation of forces]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Multi-Jastrow wave functions]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Realistic chemical systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The QMC_Chem code|The QMC=Chem code]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[The Electron Pair Localization Function]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
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		<updated>2009-10-26T07:44:54Z</updated>

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** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
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** http://www.ups-tlse.fr|Université Paul Sabatier&lt;br /&gt;
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** http://www.advancedsolutionsaccelerator.com|ASA&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
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		<updated>2009-10-23T12:51:15Z</updated>

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** The QMC_Chem code|The QMC=Chem code&lt;br /&gt;
** The Electron Pair Localization Function|The Electron Pair Localization Function&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.sourceforge.net|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
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** http://www.cnrs.fr|CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.advancedsolutionsaccelerator.com|ASA&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
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		<updated>2009-10-23T11:07:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.sourceforge.net|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* contact&lt;br /&gt;
** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* links&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr|LCPQ&lt;br /&gt;
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** http://www.ups-tlse.fr|Université Paul Sabatier&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cnrs.fr|CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.advancedsolutionsaccelerator.com|ASA&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
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		<id>http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=People_involved&amp;diff=1405</id>
		<title>People involved</title>
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		<updated>2009-10-23T11:05:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;;[mailto:caffarel@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr Michel Caffarel]&lt;br /&gt;
:Directeur de Recherches, CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;[mailto:scemama@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr Anthony Scemama]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ingénieur de Recherche, CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
:[http://sourceforge.net/userapps/mediawiki/scemama Web page]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;[mailto:bouabca@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr Thomas Bouabca]&lt;br /&gt;
:Doctorant&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;[mailto:pages@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr Angélique Pagès]&lt;br /&gt;
:Doctorante&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;[mailto:monari@irsamc.ups-tlse.fr Antonio Monari]&lt;br /&gt;
:ATER&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://qmcchem.ups-tlse.fr/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Sidebar&amp;diff=1124"/>
		<updated>2009-10-23T10:53:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
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** EPLF|The Electron Pair Localization Function&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.sourceforge.net|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
** http://eplf.sourceforge.net|EPLF&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* contact&lt;br /&gt;
** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* links&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.lcpq.ups-tlse.fr|LCPQ&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.irsamc.ups-tlse.fr|IRSAMC&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.ups-tlse.fr|Université Paul Sabatier&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.cnrs.fr|CNRS&lt;br /&gt;
** http://www.advancedsolutionsaccelerator.com|ASA&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
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		<updated>2009-10-23T10:50:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
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** People_involved|People Involved&lt;br /&gt;
** Publications|Publications&lt;br /&gt;
** Current_scientific_Activities|Our current scientific activities&lt;br /&gt;
** The_QMC_Chem_code|The QMC=Chem code&lt;br /&gt;
** EPLF|The Electron Pair Localization Function&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.sourceforge.net|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
** http://eplf.sourceforge.net|EPLF&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Contact&lt;br /&gt;
** Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
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		<title>MediaWiki:Sidebar</title>
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		<updated>2009-10-23T10:50:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
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** Publications|Publications&lt;br /&gt;
** Current_scientific_Activities|Our current scientific activities&lt;br /&gt;
** The_QMC_Chem_code|The QMC=Chem code&lt;br /&gt;
** EPLF|The Electron Pair Localization Function&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.sourceforge.net|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
** http://eplf.sourceforge.net|EPLF&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Contact&lt;br /&gt;
** Work with us&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
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		<updated>2009-10-23T10:49:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Root: &lt;/p&gt;
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** Current_scientific_Activities|Our current scientific activities&lt;br /&gt;
** The_QMC_Chem_code|The QMC=Chem code&lt;br /&gt;
** EPLF|The Electron Pair Localization Function&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* software&lt;br /&gt;
** QMCChem|QMC=Chem&lt;br /&gt;
** http://irpf90.sourceforge.net|IRPF90&lt;br /&gt;
** http://eplf.sourceforge.net|EPLF&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Work_with_us|Work with us&lt;br /&gt;
* Contacts|Contacts&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Root</name></author>
		
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